|
In the Christian gospels, the ministry of Jesus begins with his baptism in the countryside of Roman Judea and Transjordan, near the river Jordan, and ends in Jerusalem, following the Last Supper with his disciples.〔''Christianity: an introduction'' by Alister E. McGrath 2006 ISBN 978-1-4051-0901-7 pages 16-22〕 The Gospel of Luke (3:23) states that Jesus was "about 30 years of age" at the start of his ministry.〔〔Paul L. Maier "The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus" in ''Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies'' by Jerry Vardaman, Edwin M. Yamauchi 1989 ISBN 0-931464-50-1 pages 113-129〕 A chronology of Jesus typically has the date of the start of his ministry estimated at around AD 27–29 and the end in the range AD 30–36.〔〔〔〔''Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times'' by Paul Barnett 2002 ISBN 0-8308-2699-8 pages 19-21〕 Jesus' ''Early Galilean ministry'' begins when after his Baptism, he goes back to Galilee from his time in the Judean desert.〔''The Gospel according to Matthew'' by Leon Morris ISBN 0-85111-338-9 page 71〕 In this early period he preaches around Galilee and recruits his first disciples who begin to travel with him and eventually form the core of the early Church〔〔''The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels'' by Douglas Redford 2007 ISBN 0-7847-1900-4 pages 117-130〕 as it is believed that the Apostles dispersed from Jerusalem to found the Apostolic Sees. The ''Major Galilean ministry'' which begins in Matthew 8 includes the commissioning of the Twelve Apostles, and covers most of the ministry of Jesus in Galilee.〔''A theology of the New Testament'' by George Eldon Ladd 1993ISBN page 324〕〔''The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels'' by Douglas Redford 2007 ISBN 0-7847-1900-4 pages 143-160〕 The ''Final Galilean ministry'' begins after the death of John the Baptist as Jesus prepares to go to Jerusalem.〔Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 ''Harmony of the Gospels'' ISBN 0-8054-9444-8 pages 97-110〕〔''The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels'' by Douglas Redford 2007 ISBN 0-7847-1900-4 pages 165-180〕 In the ''Later Judean ministry'' Jesus starts his final journey to Jerusalem through Judea.〔〔〔Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 ''Harmony of the Gospels'' ISBN 0-8054-9444-8 pages 121-135〕〔''The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels'' by Douglas Redford 2007 ISBN 0-7847-1900-4 pages 189-207〕 As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the ''Later Perean ministry'', about one third the way down from the Sea of Galilee (actually a fresh water lake) along the River Jordan, he returns to the area where he was baptized.〔Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 ''Harmony of the Gospels'' ISBN 0-8054-9444-8 page 137〕〔''The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels'' by Douglas Redford 2007 ISBN 0-7847-1900-4 pages 211-229〕〔''Mercer dictionary of the Bible'' by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 ISBN 0-86554-373-9 page 929〕 The ''Final ministry in Jerusalem'' is sometimes called the ''Passion Week'' and begins with Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem.〔 The gospels provide more details about the final ministry than the other periods, devoting about one third of their text to the last week of the life of Jesus in Jerusalem.〔''Matthew'' by David L. Turner 2008 ISBN 0-8010-2684-9 page 613〕 ==Overview== The gospel accounts place the beginning of Jesus' ministry in the countryside of Roman Judea, near the River Jordan.〔 The gospels present John the Baptist's ministry as the precursor to that of Jesus and the Baptism of Jesus as marking the beginning of Jesus' ministry, after which Jesus travels, preaches and performs miracles.〔〔〔 Jesus's Baptism is generally considered the beginning of his ministry and the Last Supper with his disciples in Jerusalem as the end.〔〔 However, some authors also consider the period between the Resurrection and the Ascension part of the ministry of Jesus.〔''New Testament History'' by Richard L. Niswonger 1992 ISBN 0-310-31201-9 page 154〕 Luke 3:23 states that Jesus was "about 30 years of age" at the start of his ministry.〔〔 There have been different approaches to estimating the date of the start of the ministry of Jesus.〔(''The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament'' ) by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 page 140〕〔''Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible'' 2000 Amsterdam University Press ISBN 90-5356-503-5 page 249〕〔Jack V. Scarola, "A Chronology of the nativity Era" in ''Chronos, kairos, Christos 2'' by Ray Summers, Jerry Vardaman 1998 ISBN 0-86554-582-0 pages 61-81〕〔''Luke 1-5: New Testament Commentary'' by John MacArthur, Jr. 2009 ISBN 978-0-8024-0871-6 page 201〕 One approach, based on combining information from the Gospel of Luke with historical data about Emperor Tiberius yields a date around 28-29 AD/CE, while a second independent approach based on statements in the Gospel of John along with historical information from Josephus about the Temple in Jerusalem leads to a date around AD 27–29.〔〔Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible states that Jesus began his ministry "ca 28 AD" at "ca age 31". In ''Chronos, kairos, Christos:'' Paul L. Maier specifically states that he considers the Temple visit date in John at "around 29 AD/CE", using various factors that he summarizes in a chronology table. Maier's table considers 28 AD/CE to be roughly the 32nd birthday of Jesus, and at http://www.mtio.com/articles/aissar30.htm Paul Meir clearly states that 5 BC was the year of birth of Jesus. Paul N. Anderson dates the temple incident at "around 26-27 AD/CE" Jerry Knoblet estimates the date as around AD 27 AD/CE. In their book, Robert Fortna & Thatcher estimate the date at around AD/CE 28. Köstenberger & Kellum (page 140) make the same statement as Maier, namely that the 32nd birthday of Jesus was around 28 AD/CE when his ministry began.〕〔〔〔''The Riddles of the Fourth Gospel: An Introduction to John'' by Paul N. Anderson 2011 ISBN 0-8006-0427-X page 200〕〔''Herod the Great'' by Jerry Knoblet 2005 ISBN 0-7618-3087-1 page 184〕 In the New Testament, the date of the Last Supper is very close to the date of the crucifixion of Jesus (hence its name). Scholarly estimates for the date of the crucifixion generally fall in the range AD 30-36.〔Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times by Paul Barnett 2002 ISBN 0-8308-2699-8 pages 19-21〕〔''Paul's early period: chronology, mission strategy, theology'' by Rainer Riesner 1997 ISBN 978-0-8028-4166-7 page 19-27 (page 27 has a table of various scholarly estimates)〕 The three Synoptic Gospels refer to just one passover during his ministry, while the Gospel of John refers to three passovers, suggesting a period of about three years.〔(''The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament'' ) by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 page 141–143〕〔''An introduction to the New Testament'' by Albertus Frederik Johannes Klijn 1997 ISBN 90-04-06263-7 pages 45-46〕 However, the Synoptic gospels do not require a ministry that lasted only one year, and scholars such as Köstenberger state that the Gospel of John simply provides a more detailed account.〔〔''Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey'' by Craig L. Blomberg 2009 ISBN 0-8054-4482-3 page 224-229〕〔''New Testament History'' by Richard L. Niswonger 1992 ISBN 0-310-31201-9 pages 132-136〕 During the ministry of Jesus, the tetrarch ruling over Galilee and Perea in this period was Herod Antipas, who obtained the position upon the division of the territories following the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC.〔''The people's New Testament commentary'' by M. Eugene Boring, Fred B. Craddock 2004 ISBN 0-664-22754-6 page 212〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ministry of Jesus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|